See まる on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ja-cla",
"3": "む",
"tr": "-mu"
},
"expansion": "Classical Japanese む (-mu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "五段活用",
"2": "ごだんかつよう",
"t": "pentagrade conjugation"
},
"expansion": "五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "める"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of める (-meru)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese む (-mu), following development of 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) to 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs. Doublet of める (-meru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "まる godan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "まり",
"roman": "-mari",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まった",
"roman": "-matta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "まら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-mara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "まられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-marareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "まらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-mareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "まろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-marō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-marimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "まった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-matta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-matte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "まれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "まる • (-maru) godan (stem まり (-mari), past まった (-matta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with ignored alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "はやい (“fast”) -> はやまる (“to hasten, speed up (intransitive)”)"
},
{
"text": "かたい (“hard”) -> 固まる (“to harden, become firm”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms intransitive 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs from i-adjective roots, denoting becoming that adjective; -ify, -en"
],
"id": "en-まる-ja-suffix-~lT4Gly7",
"links": [
[
"五段活用(ごだんかつよう)",
"五段活用#Japanese"
],
[
"i-adjective",
"Appendix:Japanese glossary#i-adjective"
],
[
"roots",
"root#English"
],
[
"-ify",
"-ify#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "-meru",
"word": "める"
},
{
"roman": "-mu",
"word": "む"
},
{
"roman": "-mi",
"word": "み"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "まる"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"丸",
"円",
"○",
"放る",
"虎子",
"麻呂",
"万瑠",
"摩留",
"痲瑠",
"眞瑠",
"真琉",
"真瑠",
"茉瑠",
"麻瑠",
"麻留"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-まる-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "まる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese doublets",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Classical Japanese",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ja-cla",
"3": "む",
"tr": "-mu"
},
"expansion": "Classical Japanese む (-mu)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "五段活用",
"2": "ごだんかつよう",
"t": "pentagrade conjugation"
},
"expansion": "五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "める"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of める (-meru)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Japanese む (-mu), following development of 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) to 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs. Doublet of める (-meru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "まる godan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "まり",
"roman": "-mari",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "まった",
"roman": "-matta",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "まら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-mara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "まる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "-maru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "まれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-mare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "まられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-marareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "まらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "-mareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "まろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-marō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "まらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-maranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-marazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "まります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-marimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "まった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "-matta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "まって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-matte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "まれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "-mareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "まる • (-maru) godan (stem まり (-mari), past まった (-matta))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-meru",
"word": "める"
},
{
"roman": "-mu",
"word": "む"
},
{
"roman": "-mi",
"word": "み"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with ignored alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "はやい (“fast”) -> はやまる (“to hasten, speed up (intransitive)”)"
},
{
"text": "かたい (“hard”) -> 固まる (“to harden, become firm”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms intransitive 五段活用(ごだんかつよう) (godankatsuyō, “pentagrade conjugation”) verbs from i-adjective roots, denoting becoming that adjective; -ify, -en"
],
"links": [
[
"五段活用(ごだんかつよう)",
"五段活用#Japanese"
],
[
"i-adjective",
"Appendix:Japanese glossary#i-adjective"
],
[
"roots",
"root#English"
],
[
"-ify",
"-ify#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "まる"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"丸",
"円",
"○",
"放る",
"虎子",
"麻呂",
"万瑠",
"摩留",
"痲瑠",
"眞瑠",
"真琉",
"真瑠",
"茉瑠",
"麻瑠",
"麻留"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "まる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for まる meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.